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Compare Brunei (2004) - Coral Sea Islands (2003)

Compare Brunei (2004) z Coral Sea Islands (2003)

 Brunei (2004)Coral Sea Islands (2003)
 BruneiCoral Sea Islands
Administrative divisions 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong -
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 54,243; female 52,013)


15-64 years: 68% (male 131,682; female 116,631)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 5,035; female 5,647) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo -
Airports 2 (2003 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km		 total: less than 3 sq km


land: less than 3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware NA
Background The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world. Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs.
Birth rate 19.33 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $2.5 billion


expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)		 -
Capital Bandar Seri Begawan -
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy tropical
Coastline 161 km 3,095 km
Constitution 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) -
Country name conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei		 conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory


conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Currency Bruneian dollar (BND) -
Death rate 3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $0 -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293		 none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their offshore and deepwater seabeds until negotiations progress to an agreement over allocation of disputed areas; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants none
Economic aid - recipient $4.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 2.322 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 2.497 billion kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m
Environment - current issues seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia no permanent fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% -
Exchange rates Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000), 1.695 (1999) -
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary		 administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities crude oil, natural gas, refined products -
Exports - partners Japan 41%, South Korea 11.2%, Thailand 9.4%, Australia 8.4%, US 7.8%, China 6.7%, Singapore 4.5% (2003) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 4 30 N, 114 40 E 18 00 S, 152 00 E
Geography - note close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia important nesting area for birds and turtles
Heliports 3 (2003 est.) -
Highways total: 2,525 km


paved: 2,525 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Illicit drugs drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals -
Imports - partners Singapore 19.9%, Malaysia 19.8%, US 11.4%, Japan 9.9%, Hong Kong 6.5%, China 4.8%, Australia 4.3%, Thailand 4% (2003) -
Independence 1 January 1984 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2002 est.) -
Industries petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction -
Infant mortality rate total: 13.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO -
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) -
Labor force 143,400


note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)		 -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km		 0 km
Land use arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (2001)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (1998 est.)
Languages Malay (official), English, Chinese -
Legal system based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members


elections: last held in March 1962; date of next election NA		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.54 years


male: 72.13 years


female: 77.09 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.9%


male: 96.3%


female: 91.4% (2002)		 -
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line		 exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT


by type: liquefied gas 8


foreign-owned: United Kingdom 8 (2004 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors
Military branches Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $339.5 million (2003) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.9% (2003) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 112,630 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: approx. 60,000 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 3,425 (2004 est.) -
National holiday National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection -
Nationality noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian		 -
Natural hazards typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare occasional tropical cyclones
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, timber NEGL
Net migration rate 3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Pipelines gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 365,251 (July 2004 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA (1992 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.95% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Religions Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage none -
Telephone system general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US


domestic: every service available


international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 90,000 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 137,000 (2002) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) -
Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Total fertility rate 2.33 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Unemployment rate 10% (2001 est.) -
Waterways 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004) none
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